This powder factor range is within the Ash (1990) powder factor recommendation, classified as very high by Agyei and Nkrumah (2021), but lower than the Bharat Coking Coal field limited powder ...
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Powder factor is the ratio of pounds of explosive used in a blast to the total volume of rock blasted; a typical range for surface blasting is to pounds per cubic yard (lb/yd3).
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The flow factor ff, defined as f f = ... As one might expect, the most cohesive powder, the hard coal, resulted in the greatest f c,crit and hopper opening size. And the easyflow powder such as brown coal, can produce reliable flow even through the hopper opening size is small. Also, it may be surprising to find that sawdust, which has poorer ...
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A term typically used in coal mining to refer to a separate process of overburden removal, prior to the main pass of the dragline or stripping fleet. Production Blasting. The type of blasting most commonly used in a mine, as distinct from development, trim, presplit, ramp or other special blasts. Powder Factor
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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The United States committed Saturday to the idea of phasing out coal power plants, joining 56 other nations in kicking the coal habit that's a huge factor in ...
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According to the correlation analysis, powder factor, charge per delay, air humidity, and stemming have the highest correlation with the dust emission distance. In the dimensional analysis phase, the utmost influential factors in predicting the blastinduced dust emission distance were determined. ... coal mines, quarries, and rock crushing ...
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Powder factor is simply an economic tool to evaluate various blast designs, as numerous variables will dramatically change the powder factor of the blast to where it can fall anywhere between to pounds per cu. yd. No method exists to accurately calculate a suitable range of ± pounds per cu. yd. that could be applied to a design ...
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3097 0 EXPLOSIVE BLASTING NOTES Powder factor is a measure of the amount of explosive required to fragment a given volume or given quantity of rock. It is the relationship between how much rock is broken and how much explosive is used to break it. It serves as an indicator of how hard the rock is, or the cost of the explosives needed.
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The permeability and mechanical characteristics of ductile rocks surrounding coals were determined using samples from the roofs and floors of the #5 and #10 coalbeds in the Yangliu coal mine. This mine is in the Huaibei mining district, which is a typical tectonically deformed coal development area in China. The orthogonal test scheme involved five factors and four levels, and it was designed ...
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From 2009 to 2015, power generation from coal as a fuel has been reduced by 12% in the . ... Féret's equation can be modified to determine an efficiency factor (EF) of limestone powder .
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BURDENSPACING CALCULATION From Powder Factor of 1 lb./ Determine borehole size. Determine stemming: 24 x borehole diameter; Divide by 12 to get the number of feet. Determine subdrilling: 1/3 x stemming. Determine amount of hole to be loaded. Use bench height plus subdrilling minus stemming.
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quantity supplied, Manufacturer wise Powder factor for Coal and OB* separately (Related statements to be signed by the concerned Blasting Officer/Manager). *For Powder factor calculation, OB should exclude loose unblasted OB and quantity of OB rehandled. c) Comparison of Powder factor and Detonator factor with norms and previous year's ...
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Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirtyfive years have created a paradigm
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Dudhichua Opencast Coal Mine is one of the largest coal mine of NCL with a sanctioned capacity of 20 Million Tonnes. The Dudhichua Coal mine was started in 1982 and the coal production began from 1987. ... Powder Factor Coal (Tes.) Powder Factor OBRDragline. Power Factor OBR Shovel. 2 ...
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The general trend shows that, with increase in powder factor, the mean fragment size decreases.
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Although, a large variation of P F ( and kg/m 3 ) has been recommended for satisfactory breakage and throw [18,21, 32, 33]. The blast design implemented was configured in such a way that ...
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Westmoreland Coal Sales Company sales Coal Specifications Proximate Analysis (as received) Typical Btu/lb. 8,550 Sulfur % Ash % Sodium as % of Ash % Recoverable Reserves 357 million tons Annual Production 2017 .63 Million tons 2016 .65 Million tons 2015 .76 Million tons Storage Capacity 44,000 tons (troughtype ...
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The results proved that powder factor (or specific charge) ranked first in terms of its influence, followed by hole spacing, minimum resistance line, burden, and bench height. ... The coal seam in the second mining districts inclines from North to South with the dip angle increasing. As a result, the bench height for the blastcasting technique ...
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The coal fly ash concentration has a positive relationship with the acceleration factor. The permeability of crushed coal gangue follows a hierarchical distribution law and the permeability changes in the magnitude range of 1011 ~ 109 m2. ... Shanxi. Xray diffraction spectra of coal gangue powder and fly ash were measured by Xray powder ...
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Keywords: Powder factor, Schmidt hammer, Rebound number, Rock mass, Overburden bench ... formation and associated coal seam is NWSE and the dip varied from 4 to 5 degree towards South West. Mine's stripping ratio was approximately equal to 3. The blast holes sizes was 160mm and were blasted by the emulsion ...
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Company 3 may be a large metal or coal mine that has large shovels and haul trucks that can easily haul 300 tons at a time. ... powder factor or basic design patterns are used. For example, a blaster may want to use a powder factor of pounds per cu. yd. After designing the burden and borehole, the blaster will then set the spacing to give ...
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POWDER FACTOR The amount of explosive used per unit of rock. Also called EXPLOSIVE LOADING FACTOR. ... An agency of the Department of the Interior regulating surface coal mining and the surface effects of underground coal mining. . Office of Surface Mining 1951 Constitution Ave. Washington, 20240.
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"Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirtyfive years have created a paradigm shift for drill and blast personnel at these large ...
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2. Determination of Pit limits. 3. Calculations of powder factor of blasting in open cast underground mining blasting. 4. Calculation of fleet size for shovel, dumper combination in open cast mine. 5. Estimation/calculation of production in underground mine using, LHD, SDL,RH, CM, long. wall equipment.
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The Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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Average weekly coal commodity spot prices (dollars per short ton); Coal commodity regions Week ending; Central Appalachia 12,500 Btu, SO 2: Northern Appalachia 13,000 Btu, SO 2: Illinois Basin 11,800 Btu, SO 2: Powder River Basin 8,800 Btu, SO 2: Uinta Basin 11,700 Btu, SO 2: Source: With permission, Coal Markets
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Generally, the powder factor value varies from as low as to as much as kg/m 3 with kg/m 3 being the most common, in the open pit mines [ 6 ]. According to the literature, [ 7] the powder factor is considered a fundamental parameter in the selection of explosives.
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notice. Users of products of Austin Powder are referred to Safety Data Sheets and Austin Powder technical information bulletins for further important information. Austin Powder Company, Inc. 25800 Science Park Drive Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44122 Phone: 216‐464‐2400 Fax: 216‐464‐4418
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powder factor using rock mass properties and blast design parameters include but are not limited to comminution theory and work index [9], artificial neural network [2122], multivariable regression analysis [23], ... [30], categorization of coal spontaneous combustion in coal regions [31], risk assessment owning to outofseam dilution(OSD) in
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Coal blasting is different as coal shots have higher powder factor and tighter burden and spacing to ensure coal fragmentation. For the new B3 Copelmi´s Mine Project, this situa tion could induce an environmental impact with the possibility of generation of higher vibration close to a large community. Attenuation equations were obtained for ...
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holes may be loaded. Threedimensional drillandblast software can pro. vide the designer with tools to interactively categorize. the blastholes that control how the holes are charged and ...
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), rock strength factor (f) and powder factor or explosive energy (q) for open pit coal mines Sharyn gol, Baga nuur, ShiveeOvoo of Mongolia is given in Table 1 and shown in Figure 1. Table 1 1 Size of natural particles in rock mass/massif, dm, m 2 Rock strength factor, 6 8 12 5 7 10 5 7 11
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When the coal powder content reaches 3 wt.%, the surface tension and contact angle of the drilling fluid show more evident changes than other parameters. Based on the analysis of the stress intensity factor, the drilling fluid with coal powders exceeding 100 mesh can reduce the capillary force in microfractures, and in combination with other ...
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On a long wall face, the shot holes are drilled at an angle of 45° to 60° to the face; a coal face m high requires 3 rows of shot holes and distance of holes in the same in the same row should be nearly m. Powder factor with solid blasting is to te of coal per kg of explosive and to te of coal per detonator.
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The complexities of defining blastability in terms of a powder factor without understanding the fragmentation outcomes are indicated by the very different suggested powder factors for the same compressive strength between data for surface coal mines in Turkey (Muftuoglu et al., 1991) and the powder factors predicted by Mohamed et al. (2015 ...
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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